葡萄胎:癥狀、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及治療
根據(jù)《人的基因序列變化與人體疾病表征》,葡萄胎是由于受精過程中的基因序列而引起胡子宮內(nèi)組織異常增生。很少涉及到發(fā)育的胚胎。與正常的胚胎相比,病態(tài)組織生長(zhǎng)很快,形成一塊大而隨機(jī)排列的類似于葡萄串的組織。葡萄胎有兩種,一種是有效葡萄胎,一種是部分葡萄胎。根據(jù)佳學(xué)基因統(tǒng)計(jì),葡萄胎的發(fā)病率為千分之一。
什么是葡萄胎?
什么是有效葡萄胎?
What is a partial molar pregnancy?
- Partial Mole occurs when the mass contains both the abnormal cells and an embryo that has severe birth defects. In this case, the fetus will be overcome by the growing abnormal mass rather quickly.
- An extremely rare version of a partial mole is when twins are conceived but one embryo begins to develop normally while the other is a mole. In these cases, the healthy embryo will very quickly be consumed by the abnormal growth.
Who is at risk?
- In the US, approximately 1 out of 1,000 pregnancies is a molar pregnancy
- Mexico, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines have higher rates than the US for molar pregnancies in women
- White women in the US are at higher risk than black women
- Women over the age of 40
- Women who have had a prior molar pregnancy
- Women with a history of miscarriage
What are the symptoms?
- Vaginal spotting or bleeding
- Nausea and vomiting
- Develop rare complications like thyroid disease
- Early preeclampsia (high blood pressure)
- Increased hCG levels
- No fetal movement or heart tone detected
How do I know if I have a molar pregnancy?
- A pelvic exam may reveal a larger or smaller uterus, enlarged ovaries, and abnormally high amounts of the pregnancy hormone hCG.
- A sonogram will often show a “cluster of grapes” appearance, signifying an abnormal placenta.
How is this treated?
- Most molar pregnancies will spontaneously end and the expelled tissue will appear grape-like.
- Molar pregnancies are removed by suction curettage, dilation, and evacuation (D & C), or sometimes through medication. A general anesthetic is normally used during these procedures.
- Approximately 90% of women who have a mole removed require no further treatment.
- Follow-up procedures that monitor the hCG levels can occur monthly for six months or as your physician prescribes.
-
Follow-up is done to ensure that the mole has been removed completely. Traces of the mole can begin to grow
again and may possess a cancerous-type threat to other parts of the body. - Women should avoid becoming pregnant for one year after diagnosis.
- Any birth control method is acceptable with the exception of an intrauterine device.
How will I feel emotionally after a molar pregnancy?
Although the removal of a molar pregnancy is not the termination of a developing child, it is still a loss. Even when an embryo is present, it does not have the opportunity to develop into a child. Most women discover that they are dealing with a molar pregnancy after the discovery and anticipation of being pregnant. Dreams, plans, and hopes are canceled all at once; it is still a significant loss.
(責(zé)任編輯:佳學(xué)基因)